Step 1: Preheat your oven to 350°F (175°C). Line a baking sheet with parchment paper.
Step 2: In a medium-sized bowl, whisk together 1 ¾ cups of all-purpose flour, 1 teaspoon of baking soda, and ½ teaspoon of salt. Set aside.
Step 3: In a large bowl, use a hand mixer or stand mixer to beat the softened butter and 1 cup of granulated sugar together until creamy and light in color (2-3 minutes).
Step 4: Add 1 large egg, 1 tablespoon of orange zest, 2 tablespoons of fresh orange juice, and 1 teaspoon of vanilla extract to the butter and sugar mixture. Beat until well combined.
Step 5: Gradually add the dry ingredients to the wet mixture, mixing just until combined. Do not overmix.
Step 6: Fold in ½ cup of white chocolate chips, if using.
Step 7: Roll the dough into 1-inch balls. Coat each ball in powdered sugar. Place on the prepared baking sheet, spacing 2 inches apart.
Step 8: Bake for 8-10 minutes, or until the edges are lightly golden and the center still looks soft.
Step 9: Let cookies cool on the baking sheet for 2-3 minutes before transferring to a wire rack to cool completely.